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判断语句

学习语言最好的方式就是实践,每当掌握一个新功能时,就要立即将这个功能应用到实践中。

一、if 语句

1. 基本 if-else 语句

当条件成立时,执行某些语句;否则执行另一些语句。

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a = sc.nextInt();

        if (a > 5) {
            System.out.printf("%d is big!\n", a);
            System.out.printf("%d + 1 = %d\n", a, a + 1);
        } else {
            System.out.printf("%d is small!\n", a);
            System.out.printf("%d - 1 = %d\n", a, a - 1);
        }
    }
}

else 语句可以省略:

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a = sc.nextInt();

        if (a > 5) {
            System.out.printf("%d is big!\n", a);
            System.out.printf("%d + 1 = %d\n", a, a + 1);
        }
    }
}

当只有一条语句时,大括号可以省略:

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a = sc.nextInt();

        if (a > 5)
            System.out.printf("%d is big!\n", a);
        else
            System.out.printf("%d is small!\n", a);
    }
}

练习:输入一个整数,输出这个数的绝对值。

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int x = sc.nextInt();

        if (x > 0)
            System.out.println(x);
        else
            System.out.println(-x);
    }
}

练习:输入两个整数,输出两个数中较大的那个。

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt();

        if (a > b)
            System.out.println(a);
        else
            System.out.println(b);
    }
}

if-else语句内部也可以是if-else语句。

练习:输入三个整数,输出三个数中最大的那个。

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt(), c = sc.nextInt();

        if (a > b) {
            if (a > c)
                System.out.println(a);
            else
                System.out.println(c);
        } else {
            if (b > c)
                System.out.println(b);
            else
                System.out.println(c);
        }
    }
}

2. 常用比较运算符

  1. 大于 >
  2. 小于 <
  3. 大于等于 >=
  4. 小于等于 <=
  5. 等于 ==
  6. 不等于 !=
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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt();

        if (a > b) System.out.printf("%d > %d\n", a, b);
        if (a >= b) System.out.printf("%d >= %d\n", a, b);
        if (a < b) System.out.printf("%d < %d\n", a, b);
        if (a <= b) System.out.printf("%d <= %d\n", a, b);
        if (a == b) System.out.printf("%d == %d\n", a, b);
        if (a != b) System.out.printf("%d != %d\n", a, b);
    }
}

3. if-else 连写:

输入一个 0 到 100 之间的分数,

如果大于等于 85,输出 A;

如果大于等于 70 并且小于 85,输出 B;

如果大于等于 60 并且小于 70,输出 C;

如果小于 60,输出 D;

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int s = sc.nextInt();

        if (s >= 85) {
            System.out.println("A");
        } else if (s >= 70) {
            System.out.println("B");
        } else if (s >= 60) {
            System.out.println("C");
        } else {
            System.out.println("D");
        }
    }
}

练习:

1.判断闰年。闰年有两种情况: 2. (1) 能被 100 整除时,必须能被 400 整除;

(2) 不能被 100 整除时,被 4 整除即可。

输入一个年份,如果是闰年输出yes,否则输出no

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int year = sc.nextInt();

        if (year % 100 == 0) {
            if (year % 400 == 0)
                System.out.println("yes");
            else
                System.out.println("no");
        } else {
            if (year % 4 == 0)
                System.out.println("yes");
            else
                System.out.println("no");
        }
    }
}

二、条件表达式

  1. &&
  2. ||
  3. !

例题:输入三个数,输出三个数中的最大值。

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt(), c = sc.nextInt();

        if (a >= b && b >= c)
            System.out.println(a);
        else if (b >= a && b >= c)
            System.out.println(b);
        else
            System.out.println(c);
    }
}

练习:用一条 if 语句,判断闰年。

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int year = sc.nextInt();

        if (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0)
            System.out.println("yes");
        else
            System.out.println("no");
    }
}

三、switch 语句

注意: swtich语句中如果不加break语句,则从上到下匹配到第一个case后,会顺次执行后面每个case中的语句。

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int day = sc.nextInt();
        String name;

        switch(day) {
            case 1:
                name = "Monday";
                break;
            case 2:
                name = "Tuesday";
                break;
            case 3:
                name = "Wednesday";
                break;
            case 4:
                name = "Thursday";
                break;
            case 5:
                name = "Friday";
                break;
            case 6:
                name = "Saturday";
                break;
            case 7:
                name = "Sunday";
                break;
            default:
                name = "not valid";
        }

        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

最后更新: 2023-02-28 16:01:02

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